*********** PDO.nns is a NeuNet Pro Sample File ***********
This file contains special properties that allow NeuNet Pro to recognize it
as authorized NeuNet sample data. Anyone using the unlicensed version
of NeuNet Pro is welcome to experiment with this sample data.
Please do not modify this file, or it will lose its status as authorized sample data.
For further information about Neunet Pro and additional sample data,
please visit the NeuNet Pro website at http://www.cormactech.com/neunet
All of this data has been collected from publicly available sources.
CorMac Technologies Inc. does not guarantee the accuracy of the data.
This data is intended solely for experimental purposes.
The provided NeuNet project attempts to predict this month's index
using the previous 120 month's value. The neural network was very slow
to train, but an overnight training session acheived better than 1%
accuracy on the first 1,000 months. A test on the remaining 68 months
showed poor results, but some auto-correlation of the series seems
to be apparent.
*************** More about the PDO Data *******************
P A C I F I C D E C A D I L E O S C I L L A T O R
(Ocean Currents)
PDO INDEX
Updated standardized values for the PDO index, derived as the
leading PC of monthly SST anomalies in the North Pacific Ocean,
poleward of 20N. The monthly mean global average SST anomalies
are removed to separate this pattern of variability from any
"global warming" signal that may be present in the data.
For more details, see:
Zhang, Y., J.M. Wallace, D.S. Battisti, 1997:
ENSO-like interdecadal variability: 1900-93. J. Climate, 10, 1004-1020.
Mantua, N.J. and S.R. Hare, Y. Zhang, J.M. Wallace, and R.C. Francis,1997:
A Pacific interdecadal climate oscillation with impacts on salmon
production. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 78,
pp. 1069-1079.
(available via the internet at url:
http://www.atmos.washington.edu/~mantua/abst.PDO.html)
Data sources for this index are:
UKMO Historical SST data set for 1900-81;
Reynold's Optimally Interpolated SST for January 1982-latest
If you have any questions about this time series, contact
Nathan Mantua at: mantua@atmos.washington.edu
missing value flag is -9999
YEAR JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
1900 0.04 1.32 0.49 0.35 0.77 0.65 0.95 0.14 -0.24 0.23 -0.44 1.19
1901 0.79 -0.12 0.35 0.61 -0.42 -0.05 -0.60 -1.20 -0.33 0.16 -0.60 -0.14
1902 0.82 1.58 0.48 1.37 1.09 0.52 1.58 1.57 0.44 0.70 0.16 -1.10
1903 0.86 -0.24 -0.22 -0.50 0.43 0.23 0.40 1.01 -0.24 0.18 0.08 -0.03
1904 0.63 -0.91 -0.71 -0.07 -0.22 -1.53 -1.58 -0.64 0.06 0.43 1.45 0.06
1905 0.73 0.91 1.31 1.59 -0.07 0.69 0.85 1.26 -0.03 -0.15 1.11 -0.50
1906 0.92 1.18 0.83 0.74 0.44 1.24 0.09 -0.53 -0.31 0.08 1.69 -0.54
1907 -0.30 -0.32 -0.19 -0.16 0.16 0.57 0.63 -0.96 -0.23 0.84 0.66 0.72
1908 1.36 1.02 0.67 0.23 0.23 0.41 0.60 -1.04 -0.16 -0.41 0.47 1.16
1909 0.23 1.01 0.54 0.24 -0.39 -0.64 -0.39 -0.68 -0.89 -0.02 -0.40 -0.01
1910 -0.25 -0.70 0.18 -0.37 -0.06 -0.28 0.03 -0.06 0.40 -0.66 0.02 0.84
1911 -1.11 0.00 -0.78 -0.73 0.17 0.02 0.48 0.43 0.29 0.20 -0.86 0.01
1912 -1.72 -0.23 -0.04 -0.38 -0.02 0.77 1.07 -0.84 0.94 0.56 0.74 0.98
1913 -0.03 0.34 0.06 -0.92 0.66 1.43 1.06 1.29 0.73 0.62 0.75 0.90
1914 0.34 -0.29 0.08 1.20 0.11 0.11 -0.21 0.11 -0.34 -0.11 0.03 0.89
1915 -0.41 0.14 -1.22 1.40 0.32 0.99 1.07 0.27 -0.05 -0.43 -0.12 0.17
1916 -0.64 -0.19 -0.11 0.35 0.42 -0.82 -0.78 -0.73 -0.77 -0.22 -0.68 -1.94
1917 -0.79 -0.84 -0.71 -0.34 0.82 -0.03 0.10 -0.22 -0.40 -1.75 -0.34 -0.60
1918 -1.13 -0.66 -1.15 -0.32 -0.33 0.07 0.98 -0.31 -0.59 0.61 0.34 0.86
1919 -1.07 1.31 -0.50 0.08 0.17 -0.71 -0.47 0.38 0.06 -0.42 -0.80 0.76
1920 -1.18 0.06 -0.78 -1.29 -0.97 -1.30 -0.90 -2.21 -1.28 -1.06 -0.26 0.29
1921 -0.66 -0.61 -0.01 -0.93 -0.42 0.40 -0.58 -0.69 -0.78 -0.23 1.92 1.42
1922 1.05 -0.85 0.08 0.43 -0.19 -1.04 -0.82 -0.93 -0.81 0.84 -0.60 0.48
1923 0.75 -0.04 0.49 0.99 -0.20 0.68 1.16 0.84 -0.24 1.10 0.62 -0.36
1924 1.29 0.73 1.13 -0.02 0.36 0.75 -0.55 -0.67 -0.48 -1.25 0.24 0.11
1925 -0.05 -0.14 0.20 0.86 0.79 -1.08 -0.06 -0.86 0.52 0.04 0.88 1.19
1926 0.30 0.98 -0.50 2.10 1.43 2.03 1.05 1.64 1.18 1.65 1.00 1.06
1927 1.07 1.73 0.15 -0.18 0.30 0.69 -0.31 -0.73 -0.41 -0.62 -0.07 0.07
1928 0.96 0.79 0.52 0.81 0.66 0.15 0.30 -0.72 -1.41 -1.31 0.14 0.98
1929 0.97 0.52 0.50 0.55 1.07 0.50 -0.06 -0.69 0.45 -0.21 1.24 -0.03
1930 0.97 -1.06 -0.43 -0.70 0.06 0.58 -0.45 -0.53 -0.20 -0.38 -0.31 1.20
1931 0.08 1.56 1.13 1.28 1.66 0.39 1.49 0.02 -0.01 -0.17 0.34 1.09
1932 -0.26 -0.58 0.51 1.15 0.64 0.10 -0.12 -0.14 -0.40 -0.29 -0.88 0.02
1933 0.29 0.02 0.15 -0.05 -0.50 -0.68 -1.81 -1.56 -2.28 -1.19 0.55 -1.10
1934 0.17 0.68 1.34 1.63 1.23 0.51 0.44 1.54 1.25 2.10 1.63 1.67
1935 1.01 0.79 -0.11 1.10 0.99 1.39 0.68 0.63 0.98 0.21 0.13 1.78
1936 1.79 1.75 1.36 1.32 1.83 2.37 2.57 1.71 0.04 2.10 2.65 1.28
1937 0.00 -0.49 0.38 0.20 0.53 1.75 0.11 -0.35 0.63 0.76 -0.18 0.55
1938 0.50 0.02 0.24 0.27 -0.25 -0.20 -0.21 -0.45 -0.01 0.07 0.48 1.40
1939 1.36 0.07 -0.39 0.45 0.98 1.04 -0.21 -0.74 -1.10 -1.31 -0.88 1.51
1940 2.03 1.74 1.89 2.37 2.32 2.43 2.12 1.40 1.10 1.19 0.68 1.96
1941 2.14 2.07 2.41 1.89 2.25 3.01 2.33 3.31 1.99 1.22 0.40 0.91
1942 1.01 0.79 0.29 0.79 0.84 1.19 0.12 0.44 0.68 0.54 -0.10 -1.00
1943 -0.18 0.02 0.26 1.08 0.43 0.68 -0.36 -0.90 -0.49 -0.04 0.29 0.58
1944 0.18 0.17 0.08 0.72 -0.35 -0.98 -0.40 -0.51 -0.56 -0.40 0.33 0.20
1945 -1.02 0.72 -0.42 -0.40 -0.07 0.56 1.02 0.18 -0.27 0.10 -1.94 -0.74
1946 -0.91 -0.32 -0.41 -0.78 0.50 -0.86 -0.84 -0.36 -0.22 -0.36 -1.48 -0.96
1947 -0.73 -0.29 1.17 0.70 0.37 1.36 0.16 0.30 0.58 0.85 -0.14 1.67
1948 -0.11 -0.74 -0.03 -1.33 -0.23 0.08 -0.92 -1.56 -1.74 -1.32 -0.89 -1.70
1949 -2.01 -3.60 -1.00 -0.53 -1.07 -0.70 -0.56 -1.30 -0.93 -1.41 -0.83 -0.80
1950 -2.13 -2.91 -1.13 -1.20 -2.23 -1.77 -2.93 -0.70 -2.14 -1.36 -2.46 -0.76
1951 -1.54 -1.06 -1.90 -0.36 -0.25 -1.09 0.70 -1.37 -0.08 -0.32 -0.28 -1.68
1952 -2.01 -0.46 -0.63 -1.05 -1.00 -1.43 -1.25 -0.60 -0.89 -0.35 -0.76 0.04
1953 -0.57 -0.07 -1.12 0.05 0.43 0.29 0.74 0.05 -0.63 -1.09 -0.03 0.07
1954 -1.32 -1.61 -0.52 -1.33 0.01 0.97 0.43 0.08 -0.94 0.52 0.72 -0.50
1955 0.20 -1.52 -1.26 -1.97 -1.21 -2.44 -2.35 -2.25 -1.95 -2.80 -3.08 -2.75
1956 -2.48 -2.74 -2.56 -2.17 -1.41 -1.70 -1.03 -1.16 -0.71 -2.30 -2.11 -1.28
1957 -1.82 -0.68 0.03 -0.58 0.57 1.76 0.72 0.51 1.59 1.50 -0.32 -0.55
1958 0.25 0.62 0.25 1.06 1.28 1.33 0.89 1.06 0.29 0.01 -0.18 0.86
1959 0.69 -0.43 -0.95 -0.02 0.23 0.44 -0.50 -0.62 -0.85 0.52 1.11 0.06
1960 0.30 0.52 -0.21 0.09 0.91 0.64 -0.27 -0.38 -0.94 0.09 -0.23 0.17
1961 1.18 0.43 0.09 0.34 -0.06 -0.61 -1.22 -1.13 -2.01 -2.28 -1.85 -2.69
1962 -1.29 -1.15 -1.42 -0.80 -1.22 -1.62 -1.46 -0.48 -1.58 -1.55 -0.37 -0.96
1963 -0.33 -0.16 -0.54 -0.41 -0.65 -0.88 -1.00 -1.03 0.45 -0.52 -2.08 -1.08
1964 0.01 -0.21 -0.87 -1.03 -1.91 -0.32 -0.51 -1.03 -0.68 -0.37 -0.80 -1.52
1965 -1.24 -1.16 0.04 0.62 -0.66 -0.80 -0.47 0.20 0.59 -0.36 -0.59 0.06
1966 -0.82 -0.03 -1.29 0.06 -0.53 0.16 0.26 -0.35 -0.33 -1.17 -1.15 -0.32
1967 -0.20 -0.18 -1.20 -0.89 -1.24 -1.16 -0.89 -1.24 -0.72 -0.64 -0.05 -0.40
1968 -0.95 -0.40 -0.31 -1.03 -0.53 -0.35 0.53 0.19 0.06 -0.34 -0.44 -1.27
1969 -1.26 -0.95 -0.50 -0.44 -0.20 0.89 0.10 -0.81 -0.66 1.12 0.15 1.38
1970 0.61 0.43 1.33 0.43 -0.49 0.06 -0.68 -1.63 -1.67 -1.39 -0.80 -0.97
1971 -1.90 -1.74 -1.68 -1.59 -1.55 -1.55 -2.20 -0.15 0.21 -0.22 -1.25 -1.87
1972 -1.99 -1.83 -2.09 -1.65 -1.57 -1.87 -0.83 0.25 0.17 0.11 0.57 -0.33
1973 -0.46 -0.61 -0.50 -0.69 -0.76 -0.97 -0.57 -1.14 -0.51 -0.87 -1.81 -0.76
1974 -1.22 -1.65 -0.90 -0.52 -0.28 -0.31 -0.08 0.27 0.44 -0.10 0.43 -0.12
1975 -0.84 -0.71 -0.51 -1.30 -1.02 -1.16 -0.40 -1.07 -1.23 -1.29 -2.08 -1.61
1976 -1.14 -1.85 -0.96 -0.89 -0.68 -0.67 0.61 1.28 0.82 1.11 1.25 1.22
1977 1.65 1.11 0.72 0.30 0.31 0.42 0.19 0.64 -0.55 -0.61 -0.72 -0.69
1978 0.34 1.45 1.34 1.29 0.90 0.15 -1.24 -0.56 -0.44 0.10 -0.07 -0.43
1979 -0.58 -1.33 0.30 0.89 1.09 0.17 0.84 0.52 1.00 1.06 0.48 -0.42
1980 -0.11 1.32 1.09 1.49 1.20 -0.22 0.23 0.51 0.10 1.35 0.37 -0.10
1981 0.59 1.46 0.99 1.45 1.75 1.69 0.84 0.18 0.42 0.18 0.80 0.67
1982 0.34 0.20 0.19 -0.19 -0.58 -0.78 0.58 0.39 0.84 0.37 -0.25 0.26
1983 0.56 1.14 2.11 1.87 1.80 2.36 3.51 1.85 0.91 0.96 1.02 1.69
1984 1.50 1.21 1.77 1.52 1.30 0.18 -0.18 -0.03 0.67 0.58 0.71 0.82
1985 1.27 0.94 0.57 0.19 0.00 0.18 1.07 0.81 0.44 0.29 -0.75 0.38
1986 1.12 1.61 2.18 1.55 1.16 0.89 1.38 0.22 0.22 1.00 1.77 1.77
1987 1.88 1.75 2.10 2.16 1.85 0.73 2.01 2.83 2.44 1.36 1.47 1.27
1988 0.93 1.24 1.42 0.94 1.20 0.74 0.64 0.19 -0.37 -0.10 -0.02 -0.43
1989 -0.95 -1.02 -0.83 -0.32 0.47 0.36 0.83 0.09 0.05 -0.12 -0.50 -0.21
1990 -0.30 -0.65 -0.62 0.27 0.44 0.44 0.27 0.11 0.38 -0.69 -1.69 -2.23
1991 -2.02 -1.19 -0.74 -1.01 -0.51 -1.47 -0.10 0.36 0.65 0.49 0.42 0.09
1992 0.05 0.31 0.67 0.75 1.54 1.26 1.90 1.44 0.83 0.93 0.93 0.53
1993 0.05 0.19 0.76 1.21 2.13 2.34 2.35 2.69 1.56 1.41 1.24 1.07
1994 1.21 0.59 0.80 1.05 1.23 0.46 0.06 -0.79 -1.36 -1.32 -1.96 -1.79
1995 -0.49 0.46 0.75 0.83 1.46 1.27 1.71 0.21 1.16 0.47 -0.28 0.16
1996 0.59 0.75 1.01 1.46 2.18 1.10 0.77 -0.14 0.24 -0.33 0.09 -0.03
1997 0.23 0.28 0.65 1.05 1.83 2.76 2.35 2.79 2.19 1.61 1.12 0.67
1998 0.83 1.56 2.01 1.27 0.70 0.40 -0.04 -0.22 -1.21 -1.58 -0.52 -0.44